Even in sectors where women are the majority, on average, they receive less. Us domestic services, female workers occupy around 91% of vacancies, and the salary is 20% lower than that of men. Em education, health and social services, women represent 75% of the total and have average incomes 32% below those received by men.
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Domestic services
Women
- less than one year of study receive R$819;
- with incomplete primary education, R$972;
- with complete primary education, R$1.092;
- with incomplete high school, R$926;
- with high school diploma, R$1.087;
- with incomplete higher education, R$1.120;
- with a higher education degree, R$1.257.
Men
- less than one year of study, receive R$1.061;
- with incomplete primary education, R$1226;
- with complete primary education, R$1.386;
- with incomplete high school, R$986;
- with high school diploma, R$1.470;
- with incomplete higher education, R$1.156;
- with a higher education degree, R$1.771.
Education, health, and social services
Women
- less than one year of study receive R$1.565;
- with incomplete primary education, R$1.333;
- with complete elementary school, R$1.358;
- with incomplete high school, R$1.261;
- with high school diploma, R$1.718;
- with incomplete higher education, R$1.840;
- with a higher education degree, R$4.063.
Men
- less than one year of study receive R$1.928;
- with incomplete primary education, R$1.750;
- with complete elementary school, R$1.551;
- with incomplete high school, R$1.554;
- with high school diploma, R$2.076;
- with incomplete higher education, R$2.302;
- with a higher education degree, R$6.331.
“Gender inequality in the job market reproduces and reaffirms this imbalance that already exists in all spheres of society, in the form of machismo. From the roles attributed to men and women, black men and women, inequalities and power relations are drawn, whether economic, sexual or political”, highlights Dieese’s research.
Families
The survey shows that the majority of households in Brazil are headed by women.
Of the 75 million Brazilian homes:
- 50,8% (38,1 million families) had female leadership;
- With male leadership there were 36,9 million (49,2%);
- Black women led 21,5 million households (56,5%);
- And non-black women, 16,6 million (43,5%);
“The indicators showed what is experienced in practice: a contingent of women who earn less find themselves in a precarious position and take longer to seek employment in the job market. This situation perpetuates the situation of vulnerability not only for the female head of the family, but for all family members, with the transfer of thousands of children and young people from school to the job market, so that they can contribute to the family income”, highlights Dieese’s research.
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According to the entity, to change this scenario it will be necessary to reinforce transversal gender equality policies, guarantee equal opportunities in the labor market, reduce economic inequality and increase the number of women in leadership positions.
“The country needs to grow and generate income and quality jobs, but it is also necessary to face gender, race and color inequalities, and for women to have a greater voice in society, through collective bargaining and public policies.”
(With Brazil Agency)
