Israel's 75 years in 10 crucial dates

1948: Independence

On November 29, 1947, the UN voted to divide Palestine into two states, one Jewish and the other Arab.

The plan, rejected by Arab countries, provokes an explosion of violence between Arabs and Jews.

On May 14, 1948, David Ben Gurion proclaimed the independence of the State of Israel, after 28 years of British rule.

A day later, five Arab countries go to war against the new State. This first Arab-Israeli war ended in 1949 and allowed Israel to expand UN-designated territory.

More than 760.000 Palestinians are forced to flee, but almost 160.000 remain in the new state.

The West Bank, including East Jerusalem, becomes part of Jordan and the Gaza Strip becomes part of Egypt.

Holocaust survivors migrate en masse to Israel.

1967: Six-Day War

In 1967, Israel fought the third Arab-Israeli war against Egypt, Syria and Jordan. In six days, the country conquered East Jerusalem, the West Bank, Gaza, part of the Syrian Golan Heights and the Egyptian Sinai Peninsula.

Colonization begins in these territories.

1973: Yom Kippur War

Six years later, during the Jewish festival of Yom Kippur, the Arab states attack Israel, which repels the attack but suffers significant losses.

1978: Peace with Egypt

On September 17, 1978, Israeli Prime Minister Menahem Begin and Egyptian President Anuar el Sadat signed the Camp David Accords in Washington, which preceded the signing, on March 26, 1979, of the first peace treaty between a country. Arab and Israel.

Egypt recovers the Sinai, a return that becomes effective in 1982.

The treaty was denounced by Arab countries and Sadat, much criticized, was assassinated in 1981 by Islamists.

1982: Invasion of Lebanon

The Israelis invade Lebanon and surround Beirut in June 1982. Yasser Arafat's Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) must leave the country.

Israeli troops occupied southern Lebanon until 2000.

After the kidnapping of Israeli soldiers by the Hezbollah movement in 2006, Israel begins another devastating offensive in Lebanon.

1993: Oslo Accords

In December 1987, Palestinians began the first uprising against Israeli occupation, the Intifada.

In 1993, Israel and the PLO signed the Oslo Accords on Palestinian autonomy in Washington, a meeting marked by a handshake between Arafat and Israeli Prime Minister, Yitzhak Rabin.

Arafat triumphantly returns to the occupied Palestinian Territories in 1994, after 27 years in exile, and establishes the Palestinian Authority.

1995: Assassination of Rabin

Yitzhak Rabin is assassinated in Tel Aviv by a Jewish extremist opposed to the peace process.

2000: Second Intifada

The visit of the then leader of the Israeli right-wing opposition, Ariel Sharon, to the Esplanade of the Mosques in Jerusalem in September 2000 provoked the second Intifada, which continued until 2005.

2005: Withdrawal from the Gaza Strip

Israel withdrew in 2005 from the Gaza Strip, against which it imposed a blockade in 2007, when the Islamist movement Hamas took control of the territory.

Israel and Hamas have since fought four wars in Gaza: in 2008, 2012, 2014 and 2021.

2009: Netanyahu's return

At the end of March 2009, the leader of Likud (right), Benjamin Netanyahu, returned to the post of prime minister, after having held the position between 1996 and 1999.

In 2019 he was indicted on several counts of alleged corruption.

After being defeated in elections in 2021, he managed to return to power at the end of 2022, heading one of the most right-wing governments in Israel's history.

His project to reform the Judiciary provokes, from January 2023, an unprecedented popular mobilization against the text that, according to critics, threatens Israeli democracy.

Israel, a country at its economic peak and with strong social disparities

Since its creation 75 years ago, Israel has become one of the most prosperous economies on the planet, with leading companies in sectors such as agriculture and cutting-edge technologies, but with blatant social inequalities.

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