What is it?
Os Nobel prizes, from the English Nobel Prizes, are a series of prizes awarded annually in different areas of activity. Since 1901, selected by the awards committee, are awarded between October and November.
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In order to recognize people who have “conferred the greatest benefit to humanity” In the 12 months prior to the awards, the award seasons have already brought to the stage names such as Mother Teresa of Calcutta (1979), the youngest winner in the history of the award, Marie Cure (1903 and 1911) and Nelson Mandela (1994).
Gender disparity: Between 1901 and 2021, 943 people received Nobel Prizes. Among them, only 58 or 6,15% were women.
There were some exceptional years, in which the Nobel Prize it was not awarded to anyone – mainly during the two world wars, between 1914 and 1918 and between 1939 and 1945. In total, there were 49 times that the awards were not announced.
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2022: attention to human rights
In 2022, the Nobel Prize season takes place in the midst of the War in Ukraine, marked by irreparable damage in Europe.
This Friday (07), the Nobel Peace Prize, one of the most celebrated awards annually, was delivered to opponents of the government of Vladmir Putin, Russian president, which may have had a certain impact on the diplomatic and territorial conflict in the region, according to analysts.
What do the winners receive?
For each Nobel Prize, the winners – called laureates – receive a gold medal, a diploma and a sum of money that will depend on the revenue of the Nobel Prize. Nobel Foundation that moment.
A Nobel Prize is given entirely to one person, and can be divided equally between two or shared by a maximum of three people. In the latter case, each of the three people can receive a third of the prize or two together can receive half a share.
What are the categories?
The Nobel Prizes awarded year after year are divided into 5 areas of activity:
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- Literature
- Peace
- Physics
- Chemistry
- Medicine
- Economic Science (added in 1969)
How is the selection made?
Different organizations are involved in the process of researching and selecting the award winners each year. More than 6 thousand people are invited by the institutions of the Nobel Prize Foundation to propose or nominate candidates and around a thousand submit nominations for each award, which ends up generating around 200 final candidates per category.
Despite this, the Nobel Foundation's rules state that if in a given year no one deserves the prize in a particular category, it is not awarded and your prize money is retained for the next period.
- Nobel celebrates 120 years with few women and no Brazilians (Folha de S.Paulo)
- UN: Brazil abstains in decision that attacks repression against Nobel winner (UOL)
- Why does the Nobel Peace Prize often generate controversy? (Aljazeera)
- The struggle and difficulties of the winners of the last Nobel Peace Prize since the award (G1)
See some highlights among the 2022 Nobel Prize winners:
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Source: Britannica
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