COP27 begins in Egypt with climate alarmism, energy demand and Brazilian leadership on the agenda

Thirty years after the historic Earth Summit, popularly known as Eco-1992, Brazil could return to the forefront of the fight against climate changes, after four years of skepticism that marked Jair Bolsonaro's government.

COP is the UN's biggest annual event to combat climate change. This time, the African theme will be at the forefront due to the host country's desire to give voice to the continent's demands: basically more help to adapt to the ecological impact and collateral measures, such as forgiveness of external debt.

But the war in Ukraine, Europe's anguish in the face of the great gas and oil crisis and the mid-term legislative elections in the United States on November 8th, threaten to dominate, once again, a conference that brings together, until the On the 18th, practically the entire international community – almost 200 members.

Lula at the leaders' summit

On Monday (7) and Tuesday (8) a summit of political leaders will be held with 125 participants, according to data from the Egyptian presidency.

Although he will not directly participate in this forum reserved for acting heads of state, elected president Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva confirmed that he will participate in COP27, accepting an invitation made by Egypt.

Another person who confirmed his presence was American President Joe Biden, but the summit will also be marked by important absences, such as Russian President Vladimir Putin and Chinese President Xi Jinping.

China is the biggest emitter of greenhouse gases greenhouse effect of the planet and bilateral relations with the United States, which come next, are currently very cold, which does not facilitate the complex negotiations within the COP, where all decisions are taken by consensus.

Gaps between rich and poor

The international communitypromeduring the historic COP21 in Paris, in 2015, to limit the increase in the planet's average temperature to a maximum of 2ºC, and preferably to 1,5ºC by the end of the century.

Instead, the global warming it could reach 2,8ºC, according to the latest UN report.

Amid fears of a global recession, COP27 begins precisely under the threat of blockade due to a thorny issue: the “loss and damage” caused by climate changes.

What are these “losses and damages”?

Developing countries are calling for the creation of a fund to address these losses caused by greenhouse gas emissions. greenhouse effect, of which they are the main victims.

Although officially the COP negotiating parties have until 2024 to make a decision, the “funds and losses” are on Sharm el Sheikh's provisional agenda, which must be approved at the opening of the event, this Sunday (6).

“On the first day of COP27, developed countries must respond to the call of the G77 (bloc of 134 developing countries)”, warned a recent report by the American World Resources Institute.

The United States is reluctant to establish a loss and damage fund.

In addition to the loss and damage chapter, there remains a demand for around 100 billion dollars per year that rich countries are supposed to pass on to the poorest to mitigate the emission of CO2 gases and adapt to the effects of climate change. climate changes.

This annual amount has never been reached in reality. There is around 17 billion dollars missing and rich countries are already two years behind.

(with AFP)