Among the central concerns of the European initiative are the dissemination of dangerous content, the manipulation of public opinion through the creation of false images and mass surveillance systems.
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The general public discovered its immense potential at the end of last year with the launch of the editorial content generator ChatGPT, from the Californian company OpenAI, able to write essays, poebut, or translations, in just a few seconds.
Faced with these rapid changes, the European Commission proposed a general bill two years ago, and the bloc's countries only defined their position at the end of 2022. Now, MEPs will define their position in this vote.
The new step will open a phase of difficult negotiations between European parliamentarians and member countries and, therefore, the vice-president of the European Commission, Margrethe Vestager, asked on Monday not to waste time.
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“I really hope we can finish [negotiations] this year,” he said.
The delay is explained, in part, by the emergence in the public debate of so-called general-purpose Artificial Intelligences, capable of performing a wide variety of tasks, including generative AIs such as ChatGPT.
Complex discussion
In their proposal, MEPs want to force providers to implement protections against illegal content and reveal copyrighted data used to develop their algorithms.
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They also want to ban emotion recognition systems and eliminate remote biometric identification of people in public places by authorities. They also intend to prohibit the mass collection of photos on the Internet to train algorithms without the consent of the people involved.
For Romanian liberal MEP Dragos Tudorache, one of the project's rapporteurs, it is a “very complex text and we have added a new regime of rules dedicated to generative AI”.
The core of the project consists of a list of rules imposed only on applications that will be considered “high risk” by the companies themselves.
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For Pierre Larouche, an expert in digital law at the University of Montreal and researcher at the Center for Regulation in Europe (CERRE), the possible risks of generative AI do not require separate treatment.
“I don’t see Parliament’s reason. I don't see how these risks differ from what had already been anticipated” in the proposal launched by the Commission two years ago, the expert told AFP.
Presented in April 2021, the European Commission's proposal already pushed for a milestone for Artificial Intelligence systems that interact with humans. Thus, human control over the machine, the dissemination of technical documentation, or even the implementation of a risk management system were required.
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